The faith in one's natural goodness is a constant encouragement to evade moral responsibility. To accept responsibility is to follow the line of maximum effort, whereas man's secret desire is to follow, if not the line of least, at all events the line of lesser resistance. The endless twisting and dodging and proneness to look for scapegoats that results is surely the least reputable aspect of human nature. Rousseau writes to Madame de Francueil (20 April, 1751) that it was her class, the class of the rich, that was responsible for has having had to abandon his children. With responsibility shifted from one's self to the rich, the next step is inevitable, namely to start a crusade against the members of a class which, without any warrant from "Nature," oppresses its brothers, the members of other classes, and forces them into transgression. A man may thus dodge his duties as a father, and at the same time pose as a paladin of humanity. Rousseau is very close here to our most recent agitators. If a working girl falls from chastity, for example, do not blame her, blame her employer. She would have remained a model of purity if he had only added a dollar or two a week to her wage. With the progress of the new morality every one has become familiar with the type of the perfect idealist who is ready to pass laws for the regulation of everybody and everything except himself, and who knows how to envelop in a mist of radiant words schemes the true driving power of which is the desire to confiscate property.

—Irving Babbitt, Rousseau and Romanticism

When the state is established, consent lies in residence; to dwell in the territory is to submit to the sovereignty.

—Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract

The second relation is that of the members with one another, or with the body as a whole, and this relation should, in respect to the first, be as small, and, in respect to the second, as great as possible; so that every citizen may be perfectly independent of all the rest, and in absolute dependence on the state.

—Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract

It might be objected that "human" beings have never existed and never could exist without others, nor, consequently, without judgements of right and wrong. This was the common eighteenth-century opinion. But Rousseau really escapes this criticism, since the creature he paints is admittedly not human, but pre-human, "living in a state of animality".

—Lester Crocker, "Introduction", in Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract and Discourse on the Origin of Inequality